Heredity and Genetics
Heredity and genetics make up who a person is. The nucleus of a cell is where heretical material is stored as DNA. DNA carries genes and threads of DNA form chromosomes which are the building blocks of humans.
Prenatal Development
Prenatal development has three distinct stages which are known as trimesters. These trimesters are named the germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages.
The germinal stage consists of the first 14 days of pregnancy. Usually during this stage many women do not realize they are even pregnant. During this phase the blastocyst attaches to the uterine lining.
Next is the embryonic stage, which starts during the third week until the ninth week. The blastocyst is known as a embryo at this point and also is when 230 types of cells are created. During this period the heart is formed and the arms and legs start as buds. It is very important for the environment to be healthy for the embryo because this is the stage where birth defects are usually formed.
The fetal stage is the last stage of prenatal development and is also the longest. This phase lasts from the ninth week until the birth. This stage is when most of the growth occurs. Development of sex organs, other body parts, hair, finger nails, and eyelashes happen at this time. As well as the rest of the body parts, most of the neurons are present at this point will be with the person for the rest of their lives. It is still important for the mother to stay away from toxins during this time.
Birth
Babies are usually not born on their exact due date because the due date is just an educated guess of when it will arrive. Mothers are usually awake for delivery and can naturally have their baby or if their health care provider feels that is too risky they will have a C-section performed. After the baby is born it is considered a neonate for the first month of its life. It is assumed that bonding takes place between the mother and baby after birth. There is controversy over whether bonding occurs right after birth or happens once the child has higher cognitive understanding. Regardless of when bonding occurs, bonding will always happen at some point between parent and child.
Infant-Toddler
The infant and toddler physical development is based on two theories, the cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles. The cephalocaudal principle is the concept that growth development starts at the head and moves downward. The proximodistal principle is the concept that movement begins with finding the center of balance in the body. Movement starts from the center and moves outwards towards the finger and toes in this principle.
The neural growth during this time is the formation of synapses and connections between neurons. Since there is such rapid brain growth during this time, the head itself grows a little over 10 centimeters from the time of birth to about a year old. A child's brain is about 80% of its adult size by the time the child is three years old.
Heredity and genetics make up who a person is. The nucleus of a cell is where heretical material is stored as DNA. DNA carries genes and threads of DNA form chromosomes which are the building blocks of humans.
Prenatal Development
Prenatal development has three distinct stages which are known as trimesters. These trimesters are named the germinal, embryonic, and fetal stages.
The germinal stage consists of the first 14 days of pregnancy. Usually during this stage many women do not realize they are even pregnant. During this phase the blastocyst attaches to the uterine lining.
Next is the embryonic stage, which starts during the third week until the ninth week. The blastocyst is known as a embryo at this point and also is when 230 types of cells are created. During this period the heart is formed and the arms and legs start as buds. It is very important for the environment to be healthy for the embryo because this is the stage where birth defects are usually formed.
The fetal stage is the last stage of prenatal development and is also the longest. This phase lasts from the ninth week until the birth. This stage is when most of the growth occurs. Development of sex organs, other body parts, hair, finger nails, and eyelashes happen at this time. As well as the rest of the body parts, most of the neurons are present at this point will be with the person for the rest of their lives. It is still important for the mother to stay away from toxins during this time.
Birth
Babies are usually not born on their exact due date because the due date is just an educated guess of when it will arrive. Mothers are usually awake for delivery and can naturally have their baby or if their health care provider feels that is too risky they will have a C-section performed. After the baby is born it is considered a neonate for the first month of its life. It is assumed that bonding takes place between the mother and baby after birth. There is controversy over whether bonding occurs right after birth or happens once the child has higher cognitive understanding. Regardless of when bonding occurs, bonding will always happen at some point between parent and child.
Infant-Toddler
The infant and toddler physical development is based on two theories, the cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles. The cephalocaudal principle is the concept that growth development starts at the head and moves downward. The proximodistal principle is the concept that movement begins with finding the center of balance in the body. Movement starts from the center and moves outwards towards the finger and toes in this principle.
The neural growth during this time is the formation of synapses and connections between neurons. Since there is such rapid brain growth during this time, the head itself grows a little over 10 centimeters from the time of birth to about a year old. A child's brain is about 80% of its adult size by the time the child is three years old.
Early and Middle Childhood
During this stage growth slows down and significant proportional changes occur. A child's movement also becomes more coordinated during this stage. Muscle and Bone strength are crucial during this because a child is developing more skilled voluntary movements and start running. Maturation of the tongue and jaw muscles help in language development to form complex sounds. This is a period of rapid language development and children begin to form sentences. Also girls reach their pubescent growth spurt about two years before boys do. Development during this time is very important because of the rapid growing obesity rate, children need to develop their motor skills so they can exercise and not live a sedentary lifestyle.
Adolescent
This is the period of development when a child quickly moves from childhood to physical maturity, which makes it the second most rapid period of growth. Puberty is reached and males and females develop sexual maturity characteristics and this process begins when the hypothalamus stimulates hormonal changes. These hormones are said to be realized in females based on their body fat percentage reaching about 17%. With girls who go through puberty early they become more at risk for sexual transmitted diseases and pregnancy versus a girl who goes through puberty ager on. This is because most girls who mature early are not cognitively mature make decisions without thinking of the consequences. Males that go through puberty early are more at risk of delinquency, and they are treated as an adult without being cognitively mature enough for the responsibilities. As males and females go through puberty their body types change. The three body types are ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. It is important for people to know that there are different body types and are accepting of their own to have a positive body image. Along with changes in body types there unfortunately is the issue of eating disorders for individuals who do not accept their body type. During the adolescent stage the frontal lobe of the brain become fully developed which is important in decision making, thinking long term, and resisting impulse urges.
Adulthood
During adulthood around the age of 30 there starts a 1% decline per year in functional ability. Skin and bones during adulthood also experience changes. Skin loses its elasticity and becomes thinner which leads to wrinkles. Bone loss is common and is very dangerous if they fall because it can be easy to break a bone. Adults also lose elasticity of tissue in their arteries and that leads to higher blood pressure. It is important to exercise and have a proper diet during adulthood to help prevent these issues. Cognition in adulthood declines due to chemical changes and interactions and can also occur because of genetic diseases. Sight is the first of the five senses to decline because of the cornea thickening.Hearing loss also occurs because of bone deterioration of the ossicles in the ear.
During this stage growth slows down and significant proportional changes occur. A child's movement also becomes more coordinated during this stage. Muscle and Bone strength are crucial during this because a child is developing more skilled voluntary movements and start running. Maturation of the tongue and jaw muscles help in language development to form complex sounds. This is a period of rapid language development and children begin to form sentences. Also girls reach their pubescent growth spurt about two years before boys do. Development during this time is very important because of the rapid growing obesity rate, children need to develop their motor skills so they can exercise and not live a sedentary lifestyle.
Adolescent
This is the period of development when a child quickly moves from childhood to physical maturity, which makes it the second most rapid period of growth. Puberty is reached and males and females develop sexual maturity characteristics and this process begins when the hypothalamus stimulates hormonal changes. These hormones are said to be realized in females based on their body fat percentage reaching about 17%. With girls who go through puberty early they become more at risk for sexual transmitted diseases and pregnancy versus a girl who goes through puberty ager on. This is because most girls who mature early are not cognitively mature make decisions without thinking of the consequences. Males that go through puberty early are more at risk of delinquency, and they are treated as an adult without being cognitively mature enough for the responsibilities. As males and females go through puberty their body types change. The three body types are ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. It is important for people to know that there are different body types and are accepting of their own to have a positive body image. Along with changes in body types there unfortunately is the issue of eating disorders for individuals who do not accept their body type. During the adolescent stage the frontal lobe of the brain become fully developed which is important in decision making, thinking long term, and resisting impulse urges.
Adulthood
During adulthood around the age of 30 there starts a 1% decline per year in functional ability. Skin and bones during adulthood also experience changes. Skin loses its elasticity and becomes thinner which leads to wrinkles. Bone loss is common and is very dangerous if they fall because it can be easy to break a bone. Adults also lose elasticity of tissue in their arteries and that leads to higher blood pressure. It is important to exercise and have a proper diet during adulthood to help prevent these issues. Cognition in adulthood declines due to chemical changes and interactions and can also occur because of genetic diseases. Sight is the first of the five senses to decline because of the cornea thickening.Hearing loss also occurs because of bone deterioration of the ossicles in the ear.