Intelligence is determined by how an individual will respond to his or her environment. The measurement for intelligence is quantitative and so how many questions someone gets correct on an intelligence test is a measurement of their intelligence. The intelligence perspective is based on the ability to put knowledge to use in the current situation. With this being said the quantitative measurement aspect is based on not how well you know the material but how many questions you can get correct when put into the situation of having to answer the questions.
Early Intelligence Theorists
Alfred Binet created the first intelligence test. He created the 1905 Scale when he was presented with how to deal with overcrowding in the Paris school system. This scale established the base line for the average child based on their intelligence. If the child did not meet the base line average they were accommodated and put into the correct class according to their intelligence.The scores were used to calculate the student's mental age (MA).
Lewis Terman created the calculation for Intelligence Quotient which he got from modifying the mental quotient from William Stern. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is calculated by dividing mental age by chronological age and then multiplying it by one hundred. Terman believed that intelligence was genetically determined and also believed that it would stay stable throughout a persons life. His IQ test, Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale, is still used today. The average IQ score is 100 and the standard deviation for it is about 15 points.
Early Intelligence Theorists
Alfred Binet created the first intelligence test. He created the 1905 Scale when he was presented with how to deal with overcrowding in the Paris school system. This scale established the base line for the average child based on their intelligence. If the child did not meet the base line average they were accommodated and put into the correct class according to their intelligence.The scores were used to calculate the student's mental age (MA).
Lewis Terman created the calculation for Intelligence Quotient which he got from modifying the mental quotient from William Stern. Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is calculated by dividing mental age by chronological age and then multiplying it by one hundred. Terman believed that intelligence was genetically determined and also believed that it would stay stable throughout a persons life. His IQ test, Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale, is still used today. The average IQ score is 100 and the standard deviation for it is about 15 points.
Charles Spearman discovered a common factor among intelligence tasks and called them "g" factor and "s" factor. The "g" factor is generalized skills that everyone is born with. The "s" factor is specialized skills that people act on through the course of their life which later turns into bigger "S" factor because of gaining more experience within that specialized skill.
L.L. Thurstone who was another intelligence theorist disagreed with the "g" factor and came up with the Primary Mental Abilities. The Primary Mental Abilities consisted of seven independent factors which are used in most of the intelligence tests still today.
L.L. Thurstone who was another intelligence theorist disagreed with the "g" factor and came up with the Primary Mental Abilities. The Primary Mental Abilities consisted of seven independent factors which are used in most of the intelligence tests still today.
Intelligence theorist J.P. Gilford expanded Thurstone's concept into a new model for the structure of intelligence. The structure of intelligence have multiple dimensions. The first dimension represents what you are thinking, the second represents how you are thinking and the third represents the products of your thoughts.The model is cube like and Gilford found 120 different intelligence abilities and 150 combinations for them.
Modern Intelligence Theorists
Howard Garner came up with the multiple intelligence theory in which he opposed the "g" factor and believed that there were more than one type of intelligence. Garners multiple intelligence theory consisted of linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinestetic, musical, interpersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic.
Robert Sternburg argued that intelligence is measured by success in life and having self driven goals and fulfilling them. This theory shows how intelligence can vary in different socioculture context. Depending on how someone is raised or where they live can mean different ideas of success and different self driven goals that people can have.
Daniel Goleman is a famous intelligence theorist because of his theory of emotional intelligence. This theory was argued to be a better predictor of intelligence versus a standardized IQ test. The Emotional Intelligence theory is divided into four domains which are: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management.
How this has influenced my development
I remember being in high school and being in constant fear of not making a high enough score on the ACT to go to college. So much time and effort were put into trying to achieve the highest score I could make on the ACT. I thought that was the only why to measure my intelligence and did not realize that there are many different theories of intelligence. I feel like I can relate more to the theory that intelligence is measured by success and fulfilling self driven goals. I am the first of my family to attend college and the first who intends on pursing a career in the medical field. Obviously I scored high enough on the ACT to attend college and even was awarded two scholarships for it, but I still don't think that a standardized test can be the most accurate measurement of someone's intelligence.
How this influences my career
In the field of occupational therapy it is very important to understand the different theories of intelligence. By understanding them it will be easier to help patients recover. Being able to identify the patients level of intelligence and how they value and measure intelligence will help to be on the same level of understanding and what the plan of recovery should be.
Howard Garner came up with the multiple intelligence theory in which he opposed the "g" factor and believed that there were more than one type of intelligence. Garners multiple intelligence theory consisted of linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinestetic, musical, interpersonal, interpersonal, and naturalistic.
Robert Sternburg argued that intelligence is measured by success in life and having self driven goals and fulfilling them. This theory shows how intelligence can vary in different socioculture context. Depending on how someone is raised or where they live can mean different ideas of success and different self driven goals that people can have.
Daniel Goleman is a famous intelligence theorist because of his theory of emotional intelligence. This theory was argued to be a better predictor of intelligence versus a standardized IQ test. The Emotional Intelligence theory is divided into four domains which are: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management.
How this has influenced my development
I remember being in high school and being in constant fear of not making a high enough score on the ACT to go to college. So much time and effort were put into trying to achieve the highest score I could make on the ACT. I thought that was the only why to measure my intelligence and did not realize that there are many different theories of intelligence. I feel like I can relate more to the theory that intelligence is measured by success and fulfilling self driven goals. I am the first of my family to attend college and the first who intends on pursing a career in the medical field. Obviously I scored high enough on the ACT to attend college and even was awarded two scholarships for it, but I still don't think that a standardized test can be the most accurate measurement of someone's intelligence.
How this influences my career
In the field of occupational therapy it is very important to understand the different theories of intelligence. By understanding them it will be easier to help patients recover. Being able to identify the patients level of intelligence and how they value and measure intelligence will help to be on the same level of understanding and what the plan of recovery should be.