Behaviorism
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning focuses on using a stimuli to get a involuntary response. Ivan Pavlov is a major theorist in classical conditioning, in which he conducting an experiment on dogs who usually salivate at the sight of food but Pavlov replicated this response except to the ringing of a bell.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning focuses on using a stimuli to get a involuntary response. Ivan Pavlov is a major theorist in classical conditioning, in which he conducting an experiment on dogs who usually salivate at the sight of food but Pavlov replicated this response except to the ringing of a bell.
John Watson and Little Albert
This experiment shows that stimulus response can also occur in humans as well as animals. Little Albert was a nine month old baby who Watson tested that behaviors such as emotional response can be learned by humans.
This experiment shows that stimulus response can also occur in humans as well as animals. Little Albert was a nine month old baby who Watson tested that behaviors such as emotional response can be learned by humans.
Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner initiated research through the use of operant conditioning. He argued that interactions and behaviors with the environment can be influenced by external forces. This means that any action an individual does is influenced by the reinforcement or punishment of the environment.
Social Learning
Julian Rotter proposed his social learning theory around 1950 and it argued that to understand human behavior, an individuals personality in relation to the environment must be assessed. His theory consists of 4 elements: behavior potential, expectancy, reinforcement value, and the psychological situation. Behavior potential is the probability that a behavior will occur at a certain place and time if it is reinforced. Expectancy is the likelihood that a specific behavior will have a specific outcome based on past experiences of reinforcement. Reinforcement value refers to the value that is given to a task that has a positive outcome will be valued higher than the task the results negatively. Psychological situation refers to how an individual interprets events in the environment. Rotter also came up with the concept of locus of control which is the level of control a person feels that they have in their environment.
Albert Bandura created the social learning theory with concepts that include: modeling, observation, self efficacy, and learning contracts. Modeling is the concept on imitation and focuses on 4 main elements: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. Observational learning when behavior change occurs because of modeling. Bandura conducted the Bobo doll experiment in which children imitate the behaviors of others they observe in their environment. Vicarious learning is highlighted by Bandura and is when someone learns by watching actions of others and the consequences received. Self-efficacy is also important in human behavior according to Bandura.
How has this influenced my development
As a child all of my actions had consequences that were set by my parents. These consequences were both positive reinforcements and punishment. I quickly learned what was expected of me by my parents be their conditioning on my behaviors.
How will this influence my career path
As a therapist it is important to explain the consequences of actions to your patients, whether they are good or bad. They should receive reinforcement when completing a task correctly and corrected when doing a task incorrectly.
As a child all of my actions had consequences that were set by my parents. These consequences were both positive reinforcements and punishment. I quickly learned what was expected of me by my parents be their conditioning on my behaviors.
How will this influence my career path
As a therapist it is important to explain the consequences of actions to your patients, whether they are good or bad. They should receive reinforcement when completing a task correctly and corrected when doing a task incorrectly.